“The Poet of Nature and the Poet of Imagination” ~ Wordsworth and Coleridge
This Blog is a part of Thinking activity regarding Wordsworth and Coleridge assigned by Megha Trivedi Ma'am where we have been provided with 4 questions about the Romantic Age and Romantic Poetry. Here I will discuss a few points and questions regarding the same.
This Video is being created with the help of NotebookLM
1) Characteristics of Romantic Poetry and its examples with Wordsworth and Coleridge.
There are total 14 characteristics of Romanticism -
1. Freedom of ExpressionRomantics valued personal emotions and imagination over rigid classical rules. Writers and artists expressed their innermost feelings freely without being bound by strict conventions.
2. Revolt against the Literary ConvictionThey rejected the artificial forms and rules of neoclassicism, which emphasized order and restraint. Instead, Romanticism encouraged originality, spontaneity, and breaking traditional boundaries.
3. Freedom of RevolutionRomanticism was influenced by revolutionary ideals, particularly the French Revolution. It celebrated liberty, equality, and the right to resist oppression, reflecting a spirit of political and social rebellion.
4. Freedom of the Common ManRomantics gave importance to the life and voice of ordinary people. Unlike classical literature which focused on aristocrats and elites, Romanticism uplifted the dignity of farmers, workers, and villagers.
5. Strong, Original and Authentic FeelingEmotion was central to Romantic art. Passion, melancholy, joy, love, and even despair were expressed in their raw form, making literature more personal and heartfelt.
6. Natural LanguageRomantics used simple, everyday language rather than ornate or artificial diction. Wordsworth, for example, believed poetry should use the “language really spoken by men.”
7. IndividualismThe individual’s inner world, personal experiences, and imagination became the focus. Romantics celebrated uniqueness and valued the self above societal norms.
8. The Poet as ProphetPoets were seen not just as artists but as visionaries, seers, or prophets who could reveal deeper truths about life, nature, and the human spirit.
9. Sublime Beauty of NatureRomantics revered nature as a source of inspiration, healing, and spiritual truth. The grandeur, mystery, and power of nature evoked the sublime, a mix of awe and wonder.
10. Idealization of Rural LivingRomantic poets admired the simplicity and purity of rural life, contrasting it with the corruption and artificiality of urban, industrial society.
11. Reform in Politics and EducationRomantics believed in social progress and reform. They supported changes in politics to promote liberty and justice, and in education to foster imagination and moral growth rather than mechanical learning.
12. Romanticism in painting Painters expressed dramatic emotions, grandeur of landscapes, and human struggles. Romantic art focused on imagination, mystery, and the sublime rather than symmetry or realism.
13. Romantic MusicMusic became more expressive, emotional, and free in form. Composers like Beethoven and Chopin used music to convey deep personal feelings, passion, and drama.
14. Romanticism in LiteratureIn literature, Romanticism emphasized imagination, emotion, and the individual spirit. It broke away from rigid forms, celebrated nature, valued intuition over reason, and gave voice to personal and universal human experiences.
The Characteristics of Romanticism: Illustrated through Wordsworth and Coleridge:
1. Freedom of Expression
Romantics sought to release poetry from rigid forms. Wordsworth’s Tintern Abbey exemplifies spontaneous meditation, where thought flows freely, unshaped by strict convention.
Coleridge’s Dejection: An Ode is similarly unrestrained, pouring out his emotional crisis without artificial polish. Both works show that poetry is a vehicle for personal truth rather than formal perfection.
2. Revolt against the Literary Convention
Romantics rejected neoclassical emphasis on symmetry and decorum. Wordsworth insisted in his Preface to Lyrical Ballads that poetry must employ “language really used by men,” opposing artificial diction. Coleridge, though more complex in style, broke away from conventions by blending Gothic horror with folk ballad traditions in The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. Their refusal to adhere to rigid rules gave poetry new creative freedom.
3. Freedom of Revolution
The French Revolution deeply influenced early Romantics. Wordsworth’s The Prelude records his youthful enthusiasm for revolutionary liberty. Though later disillusioned, he retained the revolutionary spirit in advocating freedom of the human mind and imagination.
Coleridge’s France: An Ode reveals both admiration for revolutionary ideals and moral questioning of its violent excess. Thus, Romanticism embraced the revolutionary ethos of liberty and human dignity, even while questioning its outcomes.
4. Freedom of the Common Man
Wordsworth elevated ordinary people into subjects of serious poetry. In Michael, a humble shepherd’s simple life is dignified with epic resonance. Similarly, We Are Seven portrays rustic children with authenticity and emotional depth. Coleridge’s Mariner in The Rime of the Ancient Mariner also becomes a “common” figure whose spiritual journey carries universal significance. Romanticism democratised poetry by centering ordinary human experience.
5. Strong, Original and Authentic Feeling
Romantics placed emotion above reason. Wordsworth’s Ode: Intimations of Immortality expresses grief for lost childhood vision with a sincerity that still resonates. Coleridge’s Kubla Khan reveals ecstatic visionary feeling, capturing the intensity of dreams and imagination. The authenticity of emotion distinguishes Romantic poetry from the intellectual restraint of earlier ages.
6. Natural Language
For Wordsworth, natural expression was essential. He believed poetry should avoid ornamentation, and his rustic ballads such as The Solitary Reaper adopt a simplicity that mirrors everyday speech. Coleridge, while more elaborate, drew on the rhythms of oral storytelling and folk traditions in Christabel and The Ancient Mariner. Both rejected artificial diction, giving poetry a new immediacy.
7. Individualism
Romanticism is intensely personal. Wordsworth’s The Prelude is an autobiographical epic tracing his intellectual and spiritual growth. Coleridge’s Dejection: An Ode is equally personal, exposing his inner despair. Both poets saw the individual imagination as the ultimate authority, emphasizing subjective experience over external rules.
8. The Poet as Prophet
Romantics conceived the poet as a seer or visionary. Wordsworth often assumed a prophetic role: in Tintern Abbey he advises his sister Dorothy on how nature can nurture the spirit. Coleridge’s Mariner, condemned to repeat his tale endlessly, becomes a prophet warning humanity of the need for reverence toward all living things. The poet, in their works, becomes a moral guide to society.
9. Sublime Beauty of Nature
Nature is central to Romanticism. Wordsworth treated it as divine teacher and moral guide; Lines Written in Early Spring shows how even the simplest flowers embody harmony. Coleridge, by contrast, often presented nature as sublime and terrifying. The frozen seas and spectral landscapes of The Ancient Mariner evoke awe mixed with dread. Both demonstrate the Romantic preoccupation with the sublime.
10. Idealization of Rural Living
Romantics celebrated rural simplicity as morally superior to urban artificiality. Wordsworth’s The Solitary Reaper honors the song of a peasant girl, finding in it eternal beauty. Coleridge in The Nightingale describes rural scenes as pure and musical, contrasting them with the corruption of city life. Through rural imagery, they emphasized innocence, simplicity, and authenticity.
11. Reform in Politics and Education
Romantics advocated change in society. Wordsworth believed that education should occur in communion with nature rather than mechanical classrooms, as seen in The Prelude. Coleridge, in his prose writings and lectures, stressed moral and imaginative education. Both linked political and educational reform to the cultivation of imagination and moral sensitivity.
12. Romanticism in Painting
Though poets, their works are highly visual. Wordsworth’s landscapes in Tintern Abbey resemble painted scenery, carefully detailed yet emotionally charged. Coleridge’s Kubla Khan is a verbal painting—its exotic palace, gardens, and caves evoke the vividness of Romantic art. Their poetry demonstrates how Romantic imagination blurred the boundaries between visual and verbal art.
13. Romantic Music
Romantic poetry often mirrors musical composition. Wordsworth’s Ode: Intimations of Immortality has hymn-like cadences, while Coleridge’s The Ancient Mariner employs refrains and rhythms that echo musical structures. Their use of sound, rhythm, and repetition reflects Romanticism’s kinship with the emotional power of music.
14. Romanticism in Literature
Wordsworth and Coleridge revolutionized literature itself. Their Lyrical Ballads broke away from classical restraint and redefined poetry as the expression of imagination, emotion, and spiritual truth. Wordsworth’s devotion to the common man and Coleridge’s fascination with the supernatural set the template for later Romantics like Keats, Shelley, and Byron.
1. Freedom of Expression
Romantics sought to release poetry from rigid forms. Wordsworth’s Tintern Abbey exemplifies spontaneous meditation, where thought flows freely, unshaped by strict convention.
Coleridge’s Dejection: An Ode is similarly unrestrained, pouring out his emotional crisis without artificial polish. Both works show that poetry is a vehicle for personal truth rather than formal perfection.
2. Revolt against the Literary Convention
Romantics rejected neoclassical emphasis on symmetry and decorum. Wordsworth insisted in his Preface to Lyrical Ballads that poetry must employ “language really used by men,” opposing artificial diction. Coleridge, though more complex in style, broke away from conventions by blending Gothic horror with folk ballad traditions in The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. Their refusal to adhere to rigid rules gave poetry new creative freedom.
3. Freedom of Revolution
The French Revolution deeply influenced early Romantics. Wordsworth’s The Prelude records his youthful enthusiasm for revolutionary liberty. Though later disillusioned, he retained the revolutionary spirit in advocating freedom of the human mind and imagination.
Coleridge’s France: An Ode reveals both admiration for revolutionary ideals and moral questioning of its violent excess. Thus, Romanticism embraced the revolutionary ethos of liberty and human dignity, even while questioning its outcomes.
4. Freedom of the Common Man
Wordsworth elevated ordinary people into subjects of serious poetry. In Michael, a humble shepherd’s simple life is dignified with epic resonance. Similarly, We Are Seven portrays rustic children with authenticity and emotional depth. Coleridge’s Mariner in The Rime of the Ancient Mariner also becomes a “common” figure whose spiritual journey carries universal significance. Romanticism democratised poetry by centering ordinary human experience.
5. Strong, Original and Authentic Feeling
Romantics placed emotion above reason. Wordsworth’s Ode: Intimations of Immortality expresses grief for lost childhood vision with a sincerity that still resonates. Coleridge’s Kubla Khan reveals ecstatic visionary feeling, capturing the intensity of dreams and imagination. The authenticity of emotion distinguishes Romantic poetry from the intellectual restraint of earlier ages.
6. Natural Language
For Wordsworth, natural expression was essential. He believed poetry should avoid ornamentation, and his rustic ballads such as The Solitary Reaper adopt a simplicity that mirrors everyday speech. Coleridge, while more elaborate, drew on the rhythms of oral storytelling and folk traditions in Christabel and The Ancient Mariner. Both rejected artificial diction, giving poetry a new immediacy.
7. Individualism
Romanticism is intensely personal. Wordsworth’s The Prelude is an autobiographical epic tracing his intellectual and spiritual growth. Coleridge’s Dejection: An Ode is equally personal, exposing his inner despair. Both poets saw the individual imagination as the ultimate authority, emphasizing subjective experience over external rules.
8. The Poet as Prophet
Romantics conceived the poet as a seer or visionary. Wordsworth often assumed a prophetic role: in Tintern Abbey he advises his sister Dorothy on how nature can nurture the spirit. Coleridge’s Mariner, condemned to repeat his tale endlessly, becomes a prophet warning humanity of the need for reverence toward all living things. The poet, in their works, becomes a moral guide to society.
9. Sublime Beauty of Nature
Nature is central to Romanticism. Wordsworth treated it as divine teacher and moral guide; Lines Written in Early Spring shows how even the simplest flowers embody harmony. Coleridge, by contrast, often presented nature as sublime and terrifying. The frozen seas and spectral landscapes of The Ancient Mariner evoke awe mixed with dread. Both demonstrate the Romantic preoccupation with the sublime.
10. Idealization of Rural Living
Romantics celebrated rural simplicity as morally superior to urban artificiality. Wordsworth’s The Solitary Reaper honors the song of a peasant girl, finding in it eternal beauty. Coleridge in The Nightingale describes rural scenes as pure and musical, contrasting them with the corruption of city life. Through rural imagery, they emphasized innocence, simplicity, and authenticity.
11. Reform in Politics and Education
Romantics advocated change in society. Wordsworth believed that education should occur in communion with nature rather than mechanical classrooms, as seen in The Prelude. Coleridge, in his prose writings and lectures, stressed moral and imaginative education. Both linked political and educational reform to the cultivation of imagination and moral sensitivity.
12. Romanticism in Painting
Though poets, their works are highly visual. Wordsworth’s landscapes in Tintern Abbey resemble painted scenery, carefully detailed yet emotionally charged. Coleridge’s Kubla Khan is a verbal painting—its exotic palace, gardens, and caves evoke the vividness of Romantic art. Their poetry demonstrates how Romantic imagination blurred the boundaries between visual and verbal art.
13. Romantic Music
Romantic poetry often mirrors musical composition. Wordsworth’s Ode: Intimations of Immortality has hymn-like cadences, while Coleridge’s The Ancient Mariner employs refrains and rhythms that echo musical structures. Their use of sound, rhythm, and repetition reflects Romanticism’s kinship with the emotional power of music.
14. Romanticism in Literature
Wordsworth and Coleridge revolutionized literature itself. Their Lyrical Ballads broke away from classical restraint and redefined poetry as the expression of imagination, emotion, and spiritual truth. Wordsworth’s devotion to the common man and Coleridge’s fascination with the supernatural set the template for later Romantics like Keats, Shelley, and Byron.
2) Why Does 1798 Mark an Important Literary Epoch?
The year 1798 occupies a unique place in the history of English literature. It is remembered as the year when William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge jointly published Lyrical Ballads, a collection of poems that not only inaugurated English Romanticism but also redefined the very nature and purpose of poetry. While individual Romantic tendencies had appeared earlier in poets like Gray, Cowper, and Blake, it was in 1798 that these scattered impulses coalesced into a movement with a conscious artistic and philosophical program.
1. A Break from Neoclassicism
The eighteenth century had been dominated by neoclassical ideals of order, decorum, wit, and rationality, as seen in the works of Pope, Johnson, and Dryden. Poetry was bound by rigid conventions, artificial diction, and an emphasis on didacticism.
The Lyrical Ballads shattered this model. Wordsworth’s insistence on “the language really used by men” and his focus on ordinary rural life signaled a radical departure from the artificial elegance of neoclassicism. 1798 thus marks the turning of English poetry toward freedom, individuality, and natural expression.
2. The Launch of the Romantic Movement
Romanticism was not born in a vacuum; it was nurtured by revolutionary currents in Europe. The French Revolution (1789) had shaken established hierarchies, igniting hopes of liberty and equality, while also leaving behind disillusionment after its violence. Against this backdrop, Romantic poets turned inward to nature, imagination, and the individual spirit as sources of renewal.
Lyrical Ballads became the manifesto of this new movement, embodying what we now recognize as the central principles of Romanticism: emphasis on emotion, reverence for nature, valorization of the common man, and belief in the creative imagination.
3. Wordsworth’s Revolutionary Simplicity
In poems like “We Are Seven,” “The Idiot Boy,” and “Michael,” Wordsworth brought into poetry characters and subjects previously considered unworthy. His decision to write about shepherds, children, and peasants not only democratized literature but also invested rural life with dignity and depth. By locating profound truths in seemingly simple experiences, Wordsworth redefined what poetry could accomplish.
4. Coleridge’s Imaginative Supernaturalism
Coleridge complemented Wordsworth’s realism with the supernatural and visionary. Poems such as “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” and “Kubla Khan” show how Romanticism embraced mystery, the sublime, and the power of imagination. Coleridge’s genius lay in making the extraordinary appear real through what he famously termed the “willing suspension of disbelief.”
Together, Wordsworth and Coleridge expanded the scope of poetry to encompass both the ordinary and the transcendent.
5. The Preface as a Critical Document
Although the famous Preface to Lyrical Ballads was added in 1800, its spirit belongs to 1798. Wordsworth’s Preface is often considered the Romantic manifesto, where he defines poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings … recollected in tranquillity.”
Here, poetry is no longer the art of rhetorical embellishment but the expression of lived emotion shaped by reflection. This theoretical foundation made 1798 not just a literary milestone but also a critical revolution in how poetry was understood.
6. From the Age of Reason to the Age of Imagination
1798 symbolizes a shift from Enlightenment rationalism to Romantic imagination. It marks a transition from an outward focus on society, rules, and order to an inward focus on individual perception, subjectivity, and creativity. The poet was no longer merely a craftsman of verse but a seer, prophet, and moral guide.
7. A Lasting Legacy
The publication of Lyrical Ballads did not only transform poetry in its own time- it set the stage for the works of later Romantics such as Keats, Shelley, and Byron, whose achievements would not have been possible without the foundation laid in 1798. Its influence also extended beyond literature, shaping art, music, and philosophy across Europe.
Conclusion
Thus, 1798 marks an important literary epoch because it represents the birth of Romanticism as a conscious movement in English poetry. The collaborative genius of Wordsworth and Coleridge, through Lyrical Ballads, opened the way for a literature that was emotional, imaginative, democratic, and profoundly human. From that year onwards, English poetry would never be the same: the age of Reason had given way to the age of Imagination.
The year 1798 occupies a unique place in the history of English literature. It is remembered as the year when William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge jointly published Lyrical Ballads, a collection of poems that not only inaugurated English Romanticism but also redefined the very nature and purpose of poetry. While individual Romantic tendencies had appeared earlier in poets like Gray, Cowper, and Blake, it was in 1798 that these scattered impulses coalesced into a movement with a conscious artistic and philosophical program.
1. A Break from Neoclassicism
The eighteenth century had been dominated by neoclassical ideals of order, decorum, wit, and rationality, as seen in the works of Pope, Johnson, and Dryden. Poetry was bound by rigid conventions, artificial diction, and an emphasis on didacticism.
The Lyrical Ballads shattered this model. Wordsworth’s insistence on “the language really used by men” and his focus on ordinary rural life signaled a radical departure from the artificial elegance of neoclassicism. 1798 thus marks the turning of English poetry toward freedom, individuality, and natural expression.
2. The Launch of the Romantic Movement
Romanticism was not born in a vacuum; it was nurtured by revolutionary currents in Europe. The French Revolution (1789) had shaken established hierarchies, igniting hopes of liberty and equality, while also leaving behind disillusionment after its violence. Against this backdrop, Romantic poets turned inward to nature, imagination, and the individual spirit as sources of renewal.
Lyrical Ballads became the manifesto of this new movement, embodying what we now recognize as the central principles of Romanticism: emphasis on emotion, reverence for nature, valorization of the common man, and belief in the creative imagination.
3. Wordsworth’s Revolutionary Simplicity
In poems like “We Are Seven,” “The Idiot Boy,” and “Michael,” Wordsworth brought into poetry characters and subjects previously considered unworthy. His decision to write about shepherds, children, and peasants not only democratized literature but also invested rural life with dignity and depth. By locating profound truths in seemingly simple experiences, Wordsworth redefined what poetry could accomplish.
4. Coleridge’s Imaginative Supernaturalism
Coleridge complemented Wordsworth’s realism with the supernatural and visionary. Poems such as “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” and “Kubla Khan” show how Romanticism embraced mystery, the sublime, and the power of imagination. Coleridge’s genius lay in making the extraordinary appear real through what he famously termed the “willing suspension of disbelief.”
Together, Wordsworth and Coleridge expanded the scope of poetry to encompass both the ordinary and the transcendent.
5. The Preface as a Critical Document
Although the famous Preface to Lyrical Ballads was added in 1800, its spirit belongs to 1798. Wordsworth’s Preface is often considered the Romantic manifesto, where he defines poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings … recollected in tranquillity.”
Here, poetry is no longer the art of rhetorical embellishment but the expression of lived emotion shaped by reflection. This theoretical foundation made 1798 not just a literary milestone but also a critical revolution in how poetry was understood.
6. From the Age of Reason to the Age of Imagination
1798 symbolizes a shift from Enlightenment rationalism to Romantic imagination. It marks a transition from an outward focus on society, rules, and order to an inward focus on individual perception, subjectivity, and creativity. The poet was no longer merely a craftsman of verse but a seer, prophet, and moral guide.
7. A Lasting Legacy
The publication of Lyrical Ballads did not only transform poetry in its own time- it set the stage for the works of later Romantics such as Keats, Shelley, and Byron, whose achievements would not have been possible without the foundation laid in 1798. Its influence also extended beyond literature, shaping art, music, and philosophy across Europe.
Conclusion
Thus, 1798 marks an important literary epoch because it represents the birth of Romanticism as a conscious movement in English poetry. The collaborative genius of Wordsworth and Coleridge, through Lyrical Ballads, opened the way for a literature that was emotional, imaginative, democratic, and profoundly human. From that year onwards, English poetry would never be the same: the age of Reason had given way to the age of Imagination.
References -
Enright, Timothy P. “Sing, Mariner: Identity and Temporality in Coleridge’s ‘The Nightingale.’” Studies in Romanticism, vol. 33, no. 3, 1994, pp. 481–501. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/25601074. Accessed 23 Aug. 2025.
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. “Dejection: An Ode | The Poetry Foundation.” Poetry Foundation, https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/43973/dejection-an-ode. Accessed 23 August 2025.
“Samuel Taylor Coleridge.” The Poetry Archive, https://poetryarchive.org/poet/samuel-taylor-coleridge/. Accessed 23 August 2025.
“William Wordsworth.” Wordsworth Grasmere, https://wordsworth.org.uk/wordsworth/. Accessed 23 August 2025.
Wordsworth, William. “Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern….” Poetry Foundation, 12 March 2020, https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/45527/lines-composed-a-few-miles-above-tintern-abbey-on-revisiting-the-banks-of-the-wye-during-a-tour-july-13-1798. Accessed 23 August 2025.
Wordsworth, William. “Poetry Foundation.” Poetry Foundation, 13 April 2017, https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/51001/lines-written-in-early-spring. Accessed 23 August 2025.
Wordsworth, William, et al. “Lyrical Ballads, with Other Poems, 1800, Volume 1 by William Wordsworth.” Project Gutenberg, http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/8905. Accessed 23 August 2025.
Wordsworth, William, et al. “Michael by William Wordsworth.” Poem Analysis, https://poemanalysis.com/william-wordsworth/michael/. Accessed 23 August 2025.
Wordsworth, William, and Lily Gurton. “Ode: Intimations of Immortality from….” Poetry Foundation, https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/45536/ode-intimations-of-immortality-from-recollections-of-early-childhood. Accessed 23 August 2025.
References -
Enright, Timothy P. “Sing, Mariner: Identity and Temporality in Coleridge’s ‘The Nightingale.’” Studies in Romanticism, vol. 33, no. 3, 1994, pp. 481–501. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/25601074. Accessed 23 Aug. 2025.
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. “Dejection: An Ode | The Poetry Foundation.” Poetry Foundation, https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/43973/dejection-an-ode. Accessed 23 August 2025.
“Samuel Taylor Coleridge.” The Poetry Archive, https://poetryarchive.org/poet/samuel-taylor-coleridge/. Accessed 23 August 2025.
“William Wordsworth.” Wordsworth Grasmere, https://wordsworth.org.uk/wordsworth/. Accessed 23 August 2025.
Wordsworth, William. “Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern….” Poetry Foundation, 12 March 2020, https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/45527/lines-composed-a-few-miles-above-tintern-abbey-on-revisiting-the-banks-of-the-wye-during-a-tour-july-13-1798. Accessed 23 August 2025.
Wordsworth, William. “Poetry Foundation.” Poetry Foundation, 13 April 2017, https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/51001/lines-written-in-early-spring. Accessed 23 August 2025.
Wordsworth, William, et al. “Lyrical Ballads, with Other Poems, 1800, Volume 1 by William Wordsworth.” Project Gutenberg, http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/8905. Accessed 23 August 2025.
Wordsworth, William, et al. “Michael by William Wordsworth.” Poem Analysis, https://poemanalysis.com/william-wordsworth/michael/. Accessed 23 August 2025.
Wordsworth, William, and Lily Gurton. “Ode: Intimations of Immortality from….” Poetry Foundation, https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/45536/ode-intimations-of-immortality-from-recollections-of-early-childhood. Accessed 23 August 2025.
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